It's best for the orthodontist to see children by age 7 to advise if orthodontic treatment is required and the best time for the patient to be treated. The first permanent molars and incisors have usually come in by that time and crossbites, crowding and other problems can be evaluated.
When treatment is begun early, the orthodontist can guide the growth of the jaw and guide incoming permanent teeth. Early treatment can also regulate the width of the upper and lower dental arches, gain space for permanent teeth, avoid the need for permanent tooth extractions and reduce likelihood of impacted permanent teeth.
Early treatment can help to stop thumb sucking habits, and may eliminate abnormal swallowing or speech problems. This early phase of treatment is called Phase I or early interceptive treatment. Second phase treatment, or comprehensive treatment, consists of finishing alignment and bite of the newly erupted adult teeth. This occurs usually between the ages of 11 and 13. After Phase II, the retention phase begins.
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